Lithium

Table 1. Li 1s values from a compilation of literature sources [1].

Table 2. Li 1s values from standards run in this laboratory [2].

Notes:
Lithium is quite reactive to air and water.  The use of inert gas filled gloveboxes to minimize exposure is important here.

Anion values:
F 1s in LiF = 685.5 +/-0.7 eV (7 references), 685.1 +/-0.1 eV (standard samples from Table 2).
O 1s in Li2O = 531.3 eV (1 reference).
O 1s in LiOH = 531.2 +/-0.2 eV (2 references).
O 1s in LiCO3 = 531.5 +/- 0.1 eV (2 references) (confirm presence with C 1s carbonate peak).
Cl 2p3/2 in LiCl = 198.6 +/- 0.1 eV (standard samples from Table 2).
O 1s in Li3PO4 = 531.3 +/- 0.1 eV (standard samples from Table 2).
P 2p3/2 in Li3PO4 = 133.3 +/- 0.1 eV (standard samples from Table 2).

Reference:
[1] C.D. Wagner, A.V. Naumkin, A. Kraut-Vass, J.W. Allison, C.J. Powell, J.R.Jr. Rumble, NIST Standard Reference Database 20, Version 3.4 (web version) (http:/srdata.nist.gov/xps/) 2003.
[2] M.C. Biesinger, A.R. Pratt, unpublished results (2010).

Organic Sulphur

Table 1. S 2p3/2 binding energies for organic sulphur compounds [1,2,3,4,5].  Note data from [2] has been corrected to C-C/C-H set to 284.8 eV (original work is corrected to 285.0 eV).

There is a lot of confusion in the literature when presenting the data for sulphur. Some papers mention S 2p when they really mean S 2p3/2, these are not interchangeable! Please remember to be specific about the exact peak you are referring to.  

Other Notes:

S 2p3/2 - S 2p1/2 splitting is 1.18 eV.

For thiol compounds attached to Au nanoparticles:

Au-S-C S 2p3/2 was found at 162.6 eV [3], 162.9 eV [4] and 162.8 eV [5]. 

References:
[1] C.D. Wagner, A.V. Naumkin, A. Kraut-Vass, J.W. Allison, C.J. Powell, J.R.Jr. Rumble, NIST Standard Reference Database 20, Version 3.4 (web version) (http:/srdata.nist.gov/xps/) 2003.

[2] G. Beamson, D. Briggs, High Resolution XPS of Organic Polymers - The Scienta ESCA300 Database Wiley Interscience, 1992.

[3] P. Gobbo, M.C.Biesinger, M.S. Workentin, Facile Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticle (AuNP)- CarbonNanotubes (CNT) Hybrids through an Interfacial Michael Addition Reaction, Chemical Communications, 49 (2013) 2831-2833.

[4] P. Gobbo, S.Novoa, M.C. Biesinger, M.S. Workentin, Interfacial Strain-Promoted Alkyne-Azide Cycloaddition (I-SPAAC) for the Synthesis of Nanomaterial Hybrids, Chemical Communications, 49 (2013) 3982-3984.

[5] P. Gobbo, Z.Mossman, A. Nazemi, A. Niaux, M.C. Biesinger, E.R. Gilles, M.S. Workentin,Versatile Stained Alkyne Modified Water-Soluble AuNPs for Interfacial Strain Promoted Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition (ISPAAC), Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2 (2014) 1764-1769.

More Molybdenum Values

Table 1. Average Mo 3d5/2 binding energy values from a compilation of literature sources [1].

Reference:

[1] C.D. Wagner, A.V. Naumkin, A. Kraut-Vass, J.W. Allison, C.J. Powell, J.R.Jr. Rumble, NIST Standard Reference Database 20, Version 3.4 (web version) (http:/srdata.nist.gov/xps/) 2003.

Copper Sulphides, Cu2S and CuS

Table 1. Cu 2p3/2 binding energies, Cu 2p3/2 - Cu LMM modified Auger parameters and S 2p3/2 binding energies for copper sulphides (Cu2S and CuS)[1].

CuS does not show shakeup peaks like CuO. CuS is weakly paramagnetic and behaves like a more metallic like species.

Further values for Cu2S (in vacuum cleaved chalcocite)[2].
Cu 2p3/2 = 932.5 eV
S 2p3/2 = 161.8 eV

CuInSe2 Auger Parameter: 1849.4 eV - 1849.6 eV [3]

References:
[1] C.D. Wagner, A.V. Naumkin, A. Kraut-Vass, J.W. Allison, C.J. Powell, J.R.Jr. Rumble, NIST Standard Reference Database 20, Version 3.4 (web version) (http:/srdata.nist.gov/xps/) 2003.
[2] M.C. Biesinger, B.R. Hart, R. Polack, B.A. Kobe, R.St.C. Smart, Miner. Eng. 20 (2007) 152.

[3] D. Cahen, P.J. Ireland, L.L. Kazmerski, F.A. Thiel, J. Appl. Phys. 57 (1985) 4761.

Minibeam III Settings

Minibeam III ion gun (Kratos AXIS Ultra) set up basics:

Power on and select I(fil)A - wait until 1 mA stops flashing (takes 2-3 minutes)
Set to Fast raster, Large spot, 15 mA
Open Ion gun valve
Turn leak valve and monitor pressure in the SEC chamber - want it to be 5 x 10e-7 Torr

(all other parameters to be set by trained operator only)

Iodine

I 3d5/2 binding energies.

Notes:

I 3d5/2-3/2 Splitting = 11.50 eV

I 3p3/2: 875 eV
I 3p1/2: 930 eV
I 3s: 1071 eV
I 4d5/2: 49 eV
I 4d3/2: 51 eV
I 4p: 123 eV
I 4s: 187 eV
I 5s: 18 eV

I 3d R.S.F. (Kratos) = 10.343

I 3d5/2 R.S.F. = 6.2058

Exporting Survey Scan Quantification Data to ASCII

To export survey scan quantification data to an ASCII file format for importing to Excel or other spreadsheet software.

1. Select all quantified survey spectra
2. Select Quantification Parameters -> Report Spec. tab
3) Under Custom Report -> press Regions button, then Area Report button
4) Save file

Indium

In 3d5/2 binding energy values [1].

In 3d5/2 - 3d3/2 splitting is 7.54 eV [1]
In 3p3/2: 605 eV
In 3p1/2: 703 eV
In 3s: 828 eV
In 4d: 17 eV
In 4p: 78 eV
In 4s: 123 eV

In 3d spectrum of an argon ion sputter cleaned indium metal surface.

In 3d5/2 peakshape for indium metal is LA(1.1,1.7,3), FWHM 0.53 eV (20 eV pass energy).

Reference:
[1] C.D. Wagner, A.V. Naumkin, A. Kraut-Vass, J.W. Allison, C.J. Powell, J.R.Jr. Rumble, NIST Standard Reference Database 20, Version 3.4 (web version) (http:/srdata.nist.gov/xps/) 2003.

Tin Auger Parameters

Tin Auger (Sn 3d5/2 - M4N45N45) parameter values [1,2,3,4].

Wagner plot for tin are available from [2,5].
Sn Auger spectra are available from [6].

References:
[1] C.D. Wagner, A.V. Naumkin, A. Kraut-Vass, J.W. Allison, C.J. Powell, J.R.Jr. Rumble, NIST Standard Reference Database 20, Version 3.4 (web version) (http:/srdata.nist.gov/xps/) 2003.
[2] L. Kover, G. Moretti, Zs. Kovacs, R. Sanjines, I. Cserny, G. Margaritondo, J. Palinkas, H. Adachi, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A. 13 (1995) 1382-1388.
[3] L. Kover, Zs. Kovacs, R. Sanjines, G. Moretti,  I. Cserny, G. Margaritondo, J. Palinkas, H. Adachi, Surf. Interface. Anal. 23 (1995) 461-466.
[4] K. Schenk-Meuser, H. Duschner, Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 358 (1997) 265-267.
[5] V.M. Jimenez, J.P. Espinos, A.R. Gonzalez-Elipe, Surface Science 366 (1996) 556-563.
[6] S. Suzer, Pure & Appl. Chem. 69 (1997) 163-168.

Silver Revisited

An article from Ana Ferraria et al. [1] at the Technical University of Lisbon presents some excellent results and analysis of a variety of silver species.  Ag 3d5/2 binding energies and Ag Auger parameters using both the M5N45N45 and M4N45N45 peak maxima are included (see Table 1). Curve-fitting of the Ag 3d5/2 line has also been carried out (Figure 1 and Table 1).  Of particular note is the presentation of high quality Ag MNN spectra which show distinct peak-shapes for metallic silver, AgNO3, Ag2O and AgO (Figure 2).

Table 1. XPS Ag 3d fitting parameters, Auger parameters and atomic ratios for Ag, AgNO3, Ag2O, AgO and a mechanically mixture of oxides (AgO + Ag2O)[1].

Figure 1. XPS detailed regions of Ag 3d for (top to bottom) Ag foil, AgNO3, Ag2O, AgO and a mechanical mixture of Ag2O and AgO [1].

Figure 2. XPS detailed regions of Ag MNN for (top to bottom) Ag foil, AgNO3, Ag2O, AgO and a mechanical mixture of Ag2O and AgO [1].

Reference:
[1] A.M. Ferraria, A.P. Carapeto, A.M. Botelho do Rego, Vacuum, 86 (2012) 1988-1991.